Floating Solar Power Plant Pdf Download

byJoey Vansicklin - 0

Floating solar or floating photovoltaics (FPV), sometimes called floatovoltaics, is solar panels mounted on a structure that floats on a body of water, typically a reservoir or a lake.

The market for this renewable energy technology has grown rapidly since 2016. The first 20 plants with capacities of a few dozen kWp were built between 2007 and 2013.[1] Installed power reached 3 GW in 2020, with 10 GW predicted by 2025.[2]

The costs for a floating system are 20-25% higher than for ground-mounted systems.[3]

Technology features [edit]

There are several reasons for this development:

  1. No land occupancy : the main advantage of floating PV plants is that they do not take up any land, except the limited surfaces necessary for electric cabinet and grid connections. Their price is comparable with land based plants, but they provide a good way to avoid land consumption.[4]
  2. Installation and decommissioning: floating PV plants are more compact than land-based plants, their management is simpler and their construction and decommissioning straightforward. The main point is that no fixed structures exist like the foundations used for a land-based plant so their installation can be totally reversible.
  3. Water saving and water quality: the partial coverage of basins can reduce the water evaporation. This result depends on climate conditions and on the percentage of the covered surface. In arid climates such as parts of India this is an important advantage since about 30% of the evaporation of the covered surface is saved.[5] This may be greater in Australia, and is a very useful feature if the basin is used for irrigation purposes.[6] [7]
  4. Cooling: cooling the floating structure is simple. Natural cooling can be increased by a water layer on the PV modules or by submerging them, the so-called SP2 (Submerged Photovoltaic Solar Panel).[8] In these cases the global PV modules efficiency rises thanks to the absence of thermal drift,[ clarification needed ] with a gain in energy harvesting up to 8-10%.
  5. Tracking: a large floating platform can be easily turned and can perform a vertical tracking:[ clarification needed ] this can be done without wasting energy and without the need for a complex mechanical apparatus as in land-based PV plants. Equipping a floating PV plant with a tracking system costs little extra while the energy gain can range from 15 to 25%.[9]
  6. Storage opportunity: the presence of water naturally suggests using gravity energy storage mainly in the coupling with hydroelectric basins. However other possibilities have been explored and in particular compressed-air energy storage systems have been suggested.[10]
  7. Environment control: algal blooms, a serious problem in industrialized countries, may be reduced. The partial coverage of the basins and the reduction of light on biological fouling just below the surface, together with active systems can solve this problem. This is only a part of the more general problem of managing a water basin generated by industrial activities or polluted by them.[11]
  8. Efficiency improvement: Many studies claim that solar panels over water are more efficient. The energy gain reported range from 5 to 15%.[12] [13] [14]

Floating solar is often installed on existing hydropower.[15]

History [edit]

Installed capacity worldwide in MW[16]

American, Danish, French, Italian and Japanese nationals were the first to register patents for floating solar. In Italy the first registered patent regarding PV modules on water goes back to February 2008.[17]

The MIRARCO (Mining Innovation Rehabilitation and Applied Research Corporation Ontario, CANADA) research group quotes several solutions that were put forward in 2008-2011 and 2012-2014.[1] Most of the installations can be classified into three categories:

  • PV plants constituted by modules mounted on pontoons
  • PV modules mounted on rafts built in plastic and galvanized steel
  • PV modules mounted on rafts, fully in plastic.

A 45 MW combined solar and hydropower plant was installed in Thailand in 2021.[18]

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b K. Trapani and M. R. Santafe (2014). "A review of floating photovoltaic installations 2007–2013". Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl.
  2. ^ Hopson (58da34776a4bb), Christopher (2020-10-15). "Floating solar going global with 10GW more by 2025: Fitch | Recharge". Recharge | Latest renewable energy news . Retrieved 2021-10-18 .
  3. ^ Martín, José Rojo (2019-10-27). "BayWa r.e. adds to European floating solar momentum with double project completion". PV Tech.
  4. ^ R. Cazzaniga, M. Rosa-Clot, P. Rosa-Clot and G. M. Tina (2018). "Geographic and Technical Floating Photovoltaic Potential". Thermal Energy Science. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "Do floating solar panels work better?".
  6. ^ Taboada, M.E.; Cáceres, L.; Graber, T.A.; Galleguillos, H.R.; Cabeza, L.F.; Rojas, R. (2017). "Solar water heating system and photovoltaic floating cover to reduce evaporation: Experimental results and modeling". Renewable Energy. 105: 601–615. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.094. hdl:10459.1/59048. ISSN 0960-1481.
  7. ^ Hassan, M.M. and Peyrson W.L. (2016). "Evaporation mitigation by floating modular devices". Earth and Environmental Science. 35.
  8. ^ Choi, Y.K. (2014). "A study on power generation analysis on floating PV system considering environmental impact". Int. J. Softw. Eng. Appl. 8: 75–84.
  9. ^ R. Cazzaniga, M. Cicu, M. Rosa-Clot, P. Rosa-Clot, G. M. Tina and C. Ventura (2018). "Floating photovoltaic plants: performance analysis and design solutions". Renewable and Sustainable Reviews. 81: 1730–1741. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.269. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ R. Cazzaniga, M. Cicu, M. Rosa-Clot, P. Rosa-Clot, G. M. Tina and C. Ventura (2017). "Compressed air energy storage integrated with floating photovoltaic plant". Journal of Energy Storage. 13: 48–57. doi:10.1016/j.est.2017.06.006. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Trapani, K. and Millar, B. (2016). "Floating photovoltaic arrays to power mining industry: a case study for the McFaulds lake (ring of fire)". Sustainable Energy. 35: 898–905. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Choi, Y.-K. and N.-H. Lee (2013). "Empirical Research on the efficiency of Floating PV systems compared with Overland PV Systems". Conference Proceedings of CES-CUBE.
  13. ^ "Floating Solar On Pumped Hydro, Part 1: Evaporation Management Is A Bonus". CleanTechnica. 27 December 2019.
  14. ^ "Floating Solar On Pumped Hydro, Part 2: Better Efficiency, But More Challenging Engineering". CleanTechnica. 27 December 2019.
  15. ^ World Bank Group, ESMAP, and SERIS. 2018. Where Sun Meets Water: Floating Solar Market Report - Executive Summary. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  16. ^ Data taken from "Where Sun Meets Water: Floating Solar Market Report," World Bank Group and SERIS, Singapore, 2018.
  17. ^ M. Rosa-Clot and P. Rosa-Clot (2008). "Support and method for increasing the efficiency of solar cells by immersion". Italy Patent PI2008A000088.
  18. ^ "Thailand switches on 45MW floating solar plant, plans for 15 more". RenewEconomy. 11 November 2021.

Bibliography [edit]

  • Howard, E. and Schmidt, E. 2008. Evaporation control using Rio Tinto's Floating Modules on Northparks Mine, Landloch and NCEA. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1001858/1, USQ, Toowoomba.
  • R. Cazzaniga, M. Cicu, M. Rosa-Clot, P. Rosa-Clot, G. M. Tina and C. Ventura (2017). "Floating Photovoltaic plants: performance analysis and design solutions". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 81: 1730–1741. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.269. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Taboada, M.E.; Cáceres, L.; Graber, T.A.; Galleguillos, H.R.; Cabeza, L.F.; Rojas, R. (2017). "Solar water heating system and photovoltaic floating cover to reduce evaporation: Experimental results and modeling". Renewable Energy. 105: 601–615. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.094. hdl:10459.1/59048.
  • Chang, Yuan-Hsiou; Ku, Chen-Ruei; Yeh, Naichia (2014). "Solar powered artificial floating island for landscape ecology and water quality improvement". Ecological Engineering. 69: 8–16. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.03.015.
  • Ho, C.J.; Chou, Wei-Len; Lai, Chi-Ming (2016). "Thermal and electrical performances of a water-surface floating PV integrated with double water-saturated MEPCM layers". Applied Thermal Engineering. 94: 122–132. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.10.097.
  • M. Rosa-Clot, G. M. Tina (2017). Submerged and Floating Photovoltaic Systems Modelling, Design and Case Studies. Academic Press.
  • Sahu, Alok; Yadav, Neha; Sudhakar, K. (2016). "Floating photovoltaic power plant: A review". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 66: 815–824. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.051.
  • Trapani, Kim; Millar, Dean L. (2013). "Proposing offshore photovoltaic (PV) technology to the energy mix of the Maltese islands". Energy Conversion and Management. 67: 18–26. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2012.10.022.
  • Siecker, J.; Kusakana, K.; Numbi, B.P. (2017). "A review of solar photovoltaic systems cooling technologies". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 79: 192–203. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.053.
  • Spencer, Robert S.; Macknick, Jordan; Aznar, Alexandra; Warren, Adam; Reese, Matthew O. (2019-02-05). "Floating Photovoltaic Systems: Assessing the Technical Potential of Photovoltaic Systems on Man-Made Water Bodies in the Continental United States". Environmental Science & Technology. 53 (3): 1680–1689. Bibcode:2019EnST...53.1680S. doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b04735. ISSN 0013-936X. OSTI 1489330. PMID 30532953.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_solar

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